General graph/curve plotting

• GNUPlot: http://www.gnuplot.info/
• Matplotlib: http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/
• Matlab: http://www.mathworks.com/discovery/gallery.html

The world of colormaps

• ColorBrewer: http://colorbrewer2.org/
• Matplotlib: http://matplotlib.org/users/colormaps.html
• Matlab: http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/colormap.html

Geographic Information System (GIS) and mapping

• QGIS: http://www.qgis.org/en/site
  
• Basemap: http://matplotlib.org/basemap/users/examples.html
  
• Matlab mapping toolbox: http://www.mathworks.com/products/mapping/
  

Image processing

• GIMP: http://www.gimp.org/tutorials/
  
• Illustrator: http://www.creativebloq.com/digital-art/illustrator-tutorials-1232697
  

Graphs/networks

• graph-tool: https://graph-tool.skewed.de/static/doc/draw.html
  
• Networkx: https://networkx.github.io/documentation/networkx-1.10/reference/drawing.html
  
• Gephi: https://gephi.org/
  

3D plotting in Python

• Mayavi: https://graph-tool.skewed.de/static/doc/draw.html
  

Basic Python tutorials/books/notes/guides

• A byte of Python by Swaroop CH.
  
• Google's Python Class
  
• Introduction to Python for Econometrics, Statistics and Data Analysis by Kevin Sheppard.
  
• Introduction to Python for Computational Science and Engineering (A beginner's guide) by Hans Fangohr
  
• Computational Physics by Mark Newman
  
• NumPy Tutorial and Tentative NumPy Tutorial (in pdf)
  
• NumPy User Guide and NumPy reference
  
• SciPy Tutorial
  
• An introduction to Numpy and SciPy (in pdf)
  
• Matplotlib tutorial by Nicolas P. Rougier
  
• IPython notebook tutorial , Jupyter documentation and Notebook Gallery
  
• scikit-learn Tutorials